JEE Advanced logo
JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023, Topic-wise Weightage, Tips and Best Books

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 will be updated here after its official release. Candidates can check the official website –jeeadv.ac.in to know JEE Advanced Syllabus 2023. The exam pattern is changed by the conducting authorities every year, however, JEE Advanced Syllabus remains mostly the same. JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus mainly comprises of sub-topics from three units- Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. 

JEE Advanced 2023 is an online exam i.e. computer-based exam, it consists of 2 papers (Paper 1 and Paper 2) each of 3 hours duration and are both compulsory. Only candidates who qualify in JEE Main will be eligible for appearing in the second stage of the exam- JEE Advanced 2023.

Candidates can read the article below to know the exact chemistry syllabus of JEE Advanced, brief of exam pattern and weightage-wise JEE Advanced Syllabus. Check JEE Advanced Exam Pattern

JEE Advanced Highlights

Mode Computer Based Test (Online)
Number of Papers 2
Duration of Examination 3 hours each
Language of Examination English or Hindi
Sections Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics

Must Read


Detailed JEE Advanced Syllabus

Detailed Syllabus JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023

The following table consists of unit-wise distribution for both the papers of JEE Advanced 2023 Syllabus for Chemistry.

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 - Physical Chemistry

Sections Topics
General Topics Concept of atoms and molecules
Dalton’s atomic theory
Mole concept
Chemical formulae
Balanced chemical equations
Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralization, and displacement reactions
Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
Gaseous and Liquid State Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation
Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation
Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature
Law of partial pressures
Vapour pressure
Diffusion of gases.
Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers
Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis
Uncertainty principle
Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals
Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36)
Aufbau principle
Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
Orbital overlap and covalent bond
Hybridisation involving s, p, and d orbitals only
Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species
Hydrogen bond
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only)
VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
Energetics First law of thermodynamics
Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work
Enthalpy, Hess’s law
Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization
Second law of thermodynamics
Entropy
Free energy
Criterion of spontaneity.
Chemical Equilibrium Law of mass action
Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure)
Significance of ΔG and ΔG0 in chemical equilibrium
Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions
Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts)
Hydrolysis of salts.
Electrochemistry Electrochemical cells and cell reactions
Standard electrode potentials
Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG
Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis
Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law
Concentration cells.
Chemical Kinetics Rates of chemical reactions
Order of reactions
Rate constant
First order reactions
Temperature dependence of the rate constant (Arrhenius equation).
Solid State Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close-packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices
Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
Solutions Raoult’s law
Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.
Surface Chemistry Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms)
Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties
Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants, and micelles (only definitions and examples).
Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity
Isotopes and isobars
Properties of α, β and γ rays
Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating
Stability of nuclei with respect to proton neutron ratio
Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023- Inorganic Chemistry

Sections Topics
Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens
Properties of allotropes of carbon (only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur
Preparation and properties of the following compounds Oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium
Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax
Aluminium: alumina, aluminium chloride and alums
Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid)
Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide
Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia
Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine
Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide
Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate
Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder
Xenon fluorides.
Transition Elements 3D Series Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment
Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerism, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Preparation and properties of the following compounds Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead
Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+
Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
Ores and Minerals Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium,
zinc and silver.
Extractive metallurgy Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded)
Carbon reduction method (iron and tin)
Self reduction method (copper and lead)
Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium)
Cyanide process (silver and gold).
Principles of qualitative analysis Groups I to V (only Ag+ , Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+)
Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023- Organic Chemistry

Sections Topics
Concepts Hybridisation of carbon
σ and π-bonds
Shapes of simple organic molecules
Structural and geometrical isomerism
Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded)
IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only) hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds)
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections)
Resonance and hyperconjugation
Keto-enoltautomerism
Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method)
Hydrogen bonds
Definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids
Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases
Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides
Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage
Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes Homologous series, physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density)
Combustion and halogenation of alkanes
Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments)
Acidity of alkynes
Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination)
Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone
Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX and H2O (X=halogen)
Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides.
Reactions of benzene Structure and aromaticity
Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation
Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes.
Phenols Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration and sulphonation)
Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction.
Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned above) Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions
Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones
Ethers: Preparation by Williamson’s Synthesis
Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation
Aldol condensation, Perkin reaction
Cannizzaro reaction
Haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition)
Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis
Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; carbylamine reaction
Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine substitution).
Carbohydrates Classification
Mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose)
Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose.
Amino Acids and Peptides General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties.
Properties and uses of some important polymers Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC.
Practical Organic Chemistry Detection of elements (N, S, halogens)
Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro
Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 Marking weightage The marking weightage is defined based on the analysis of previous years’ question papers.

Inorganic Chemistry (36 Marks)

Topic Marks
Chemical Bonding 8
P-Block 11
Coordination Compounds 6
Metallurgy 4
Qualitative Analysis 7

Organic Chemistry (45 Marks)

Topic Marks
General Organic Chemistry 8
Amines 11
Aromatic Compounds 6
Biomolecules 4
Polymers 7
Stereoisomerism 6
Carbonyl compounds 3

Also Check JEE Advanced Physics Syllabus

Physical Chemistry (43 Marks)

Topic Marks
Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry 3
Chemical Equilibrium 6
Gaseous State 3
Mole Concept 9
Electrochemistry 3
Chemical Kinetics 8
Solution & Colligative Properties 4
Surface Chemistry 3
Solid State 4

Chemistry Topic-wise Weightage

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus- Topic-wise Weightage

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus- Weightage: Paper-1

Topic Weightage
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 14-15%
Atomic Structure 14-15%
Chemical Bonding 4-5%
Organic Chemistry 11-12%
Solid State 4-5%
Coordination Compounds 4-5%
Electrochemistry 4-5%
P-Block Elements 13-14%
Thermodynamics 6-7%
Hydrocarbons 13-14%
Solutions 6-7%

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus- Weightage: Paper-2

Topic Weightage
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 9-10%
Chemical Kinetics 6-7%
Electrochemistry 4-5%
Equilibrium in Physical and Chemical Processes 6-7%
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 6-7%
Hydrocarbons 6-7%
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 9-10%
P-Block Elements 22-23%
Solutions 4-5%
Some P-Block Elements 6-7%
Study of First Element: Hydrogen 4-5%
Surface Chemistry 6-7%
Thermodynamics 4-5%

Chemistry Important Topics

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 Important Topics

  • Aldehydes
  • Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
  • Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding
  • Organic Chemistry, P-block Elements
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Alcohols
  • Phenols and Ethers
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Equilibrium in Physical and Chemical Processes
  • Haloalkenes and Haloarenes, Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen and Surface Chemistry

Chemistry Best Reference Books

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 Best Reference Books

While NCERT textbooks of class XI and XII are considered the best source of preparation for JEE Advanced Chemistry Section as many direct questions are being asked form these textbooks, here is a list of some other books that candidates can refer:

Authors/Publishers Books
P Bahadur Concept of Physical Chemistry for JEE Advanced
N Awasthi Physical Chemistry
Solomons and Fryhle Organic Chemistry
Morrison and Boyd Organic Chemistry
R.K Gupta Arihant's Practice Book Chemistry for JEE Main And Advanced
J D Lee Concise Inorganic Chemistry
Freedman and Young University Chemistry
MS Chauhan Elementary problems in Organic Chemistry
O.P. Tandon Physical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry
P.W.Atkins Physical Chemistry
R.C. Mukherjee Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations

Chemistry Difficulty Level

Difficulty Level of JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus

The level of difficulty of JEE Advanced Chemistry section varies in different sessions every year.

Sections Tough Medium Easy
Chemistry 4 11 10
Mathematics 2 10 13
Physics 2 7 16

Section-wise analysis of JEE Advanced

Subject Paper 1 Analysis Paper 2 Analysis
Mathematics Difficult; Number of questions was from Algebra and Coordinate Geometry. Moderately Difficult
Physis Moderately Tough; Questions were asked from chapters of class 11 & 12 Difficult
Chemistry Moderate; Few questions were asked from organic chemistry. Moderate

The overall difficulty of both the papers was moderate. Both the papers required good time management skills.


Chemistry Preparation

JEE Advanced Preparation - Chemistry

Chemistry is a combination of chemical equations and reactions, concepts and theory which requires much practise. For scoring good marks in chemistry one should practise as much as possible.

  • Understand the Concepts: One must understand the basic concepts, as once the concepts are clear nothing seems hard.
  • Make Notes: Make the notes of important points from each topic you study.
  • Practice with previous year papers and mock tests: The chemical equations and problems must be practised on a regular basis for better understanding. Practicing is the most crucial component of ones preparation. Practice and analyze your performance constantly.
  • Solve Questions Everyday: Give mock tests to attain perfection in the subject, which will improve the marks.
  • Use limited and accurate resources: Don’t try to cover the syllabus from multiple sources, you must practice from NCERT well. Along with that, you can read different concepts from a few acknowledged sources

Best Apps for JEE Advance Preparation

For better preparing students can use these apps. Some apps are mentioned below.

  • Unacademy Learning App
  • Brainly-The Homework App
  • Vedantu
  • Doubtnut
  • Aakash ITutor Learning App

Chemistry Experts Tips

JEE Advanced Chemistry- Paper Attempting Tips as per Experts

Chemistry is often considered the most scoring section by test takers and experts in JEE Advance exam. Being the most scoring section, chemistry often turns out to be a major rank uplifter for one’s overall performance in JEE Advanced. Candidates must attempt the exam carefully and calmly.

  • Try to attempt the chemistry section first: Chemistry questions include a major portion of fact based questions. Therefore solving them first will save much time. The time left can be then used for the physics and maths sections which are more time consuming.
  • Identify answers through approximations: Candidates must remember that the time is limited so try to solve accordingly. If one gets an approximate answer try to pick the option closest to it and mark the same.
  • Manage your time wisely: Time management in the chemistry paper is of utmost importance, candidates can save time in direct questions and invest the time left in other questions.

Chemistry Sample Questions

JEE Advanced Chemistry Sample Questions

JEE Advanced Paper 1 Sample Questions

  1. If the distribution of molecular speeds of a gas is as per the figure shown below, then the ratio of the most probable, the average, and the root mean square speeds, respectively, is
    1. 1 : 1 : 1
    2. 1 : 1 : 1.224
    3. 1 : 1.128 : 1.224
    4. 1 : 1.128 : 1
  1. A colorless aqueous solution contains nitrates of two metals, X and Y. When it was added to an aqueous solution of NaCl, a white precipitate was formed. This precipitate was found to be partly soluble in hot water to give a residue P and a solution Q. The residue P was soluble in aq. NH 3 and also in excess sodium thiosulfate. The hot solution Q gave a yellow precipitate with KI. The metals X and Y, respectively, are
    1. Ag and Pb
    2. Cd and Pb
    3. Ag and Cd
    4. Cd and Zn
  1. In thermodynamics, the P − V work done is given by

w = − ∫ dV P ext .

For a system undergoing a particular process, the work done is,

RTaw = − ∫ dV (− 2 ) .V−b V

This equation is applicable to a

  1. system that satisfies the van der Waals equation of state.
  2. process that is reversible and isothermal.
  3. process that is reversible and adiabatic.
  4. process that is irreversible and at constant pressure.

JEE Advanced Paper 2 Sample Questions

  1. Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite?
    1. Hydrated Al 2 O 3 precipitates, when CO 2 is bubbled through a solution of sodium aluminate.
    2. Addition of Na 3 AlF 6 lowers the melting point of alumina.
    3. CO 2 is evolved at the anode during electrolysis.
    4. The cathode is a steel vessel with a lining of carbon.
  1. Choose the correct statement(s) among the following.
    1. SnCl 2 2H 2 O is a reducing agent.
    2. SnO 2 reacts with KOH to form K 2 [Sn(OH) 6 ].
    3. A solution of PbCl 2 in HCl contains Pb 2+ and Cl − ions.
    4. The reaction of Pb 3 O 4 with hot dilute nitric acid to give PbO 2 is a redox reaction.

Frequently Asked Questions

JEE Advanced Chemistry Syllabus 2023 FAQs

Ques. Are Polymers, erythro/threo isomers parts of JEE Advanced 2023 Chemistry Syllabus?

Ans. Yes, according to the syllabus released these topics are present in the syllabus of JEE Advanced 2023.

Ques. Which topics should be covered first during preparation ?

Ans. Try to cover the basic and the important topics first according to the weightage given in the article above.

Ques. How much mock tests should be given?

Ans. Try to give as much as possible mock tests as this will only boost your confidence in the exam.

Ques. What is the weightage of atomic structure in the exam?

Ans. Although the weightage of each topic changes every year but last year it was 14% to 15%. So prepare well.

Ques. What if few toipcs are left for preparation?

Ans. Firstly, make sure what tou study, study well so that those topics are on your finger tips. Secondly, leaving few topics is not an option but still if you want try to make sure to leave which have less weightage.

Ques. Are there any equation based questions asked in the exam?

Ans. Yes, many question are asked based on equations.

Ques. Is it sufficient to study NCERT books for chemistry?

Ans. More than sufficient, just go through them thoroughly.

Ques. Is it fine to study only inorganic and physical chemistry to score good marks in the chemistry section?

Ans. No, organic chemistry is as important as inorganic and physical chemistry. You must study all three to score well.

*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.

JEE Advanced 2025 : 7 answered questions

View All

Ques. My daughter has a JEE Advanced rank of 6048 (General). What are the branches she can get in IIT Kharagpur?

● Top Answer By Aditya Trivedi on 21 Mar 23

Tabulated below are the JEE Advanced Cutoff 2023 for IIT Kharagpur: Branch Opening Rank Closing Rank Civil Engineering 4479 6556 Computer Science and Engineering 112 303 Electrical Engineering 1288 1805 Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering 434 1145 Mechanical Engineering 2042 3350 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 5448 6920 Mining Engineering 7169 8739 Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture 6846 8355 Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering 6407 7751 From the above table we can infer that with a Rank of 6048 one can get the following branches  Civil Engineering Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Mining Engineering  Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture  Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering ...Read more

0
0
1 Answer
•••

Ques. What was the IIT Madras JEE Advanced cut-off for 2023?

● Top Answer By on 05 Jun 24

To get admission at IIT Madras, you need to qualify for the JEE Advanced exam and get a very high score so that you can rank in the top 1000. There are many counselling sessions at that place. The closing rank of  The JEE Advanced cut-off 2023 for different departments is as follows: Department Last Closing Rank BTech in Computer Science and Engineering 148 BTech in Electrical Engineering 964 BTech in Mechanical Engineering 2572 BTech in Engineering Physics 1877 BTech in Biological Engineering 7967 Integrated Automotive Engineering 4436 Integrated Aerospace Engineering 3293...Read more

0
0
1 Answer
•••

Ques. Can I get an IIT with 4000 JEE Advanced Rank?

● Top Answer By on 29 May 24

I recently completed my Graduation from IIT BHU. Securing a rank of 4000 in JEE Advanced is a commendable achievement, and it opens up several opportunities for admission into the Indian Institutes of Technology. However, whether you can get admission into a specific IIT with this rank depends on various factors including: Some branches are more competitive than others, so the cutoff ranks may vary accordingly. Each IIT has a different number of seats available for each branch, and the cutoff ranks can fluctuate based on this. Reservation quotas may affect the cutoff ranks for different categories (General, OBC-NCL, SC, ST, etc.). The difficulty level of the exam can influence the cutoff ranks. Here are the cutoff trends for B.Tech Admissions at various IITs (for CSE and Civil Engineering branches, Open Category seats)- B.Tech cutoff trend at the IITs through JEE Advanced (Open Category) College Name B.Tech CSE B.Tech Civil Engineering IIT Madras 148 6132 IIT Delhi 118 4472 IIT Bombay 67 4371 IIT Kanpur 238 6116 IIT Roorkee 412 7100 IIT Kharagpur 279 7177 IIT Guwahati 654 8453 IIT Hyderabad 674 9303 IIT Indore 1385 10994 IIT BHU 1079 10232 I hope this gives you a basic idea of the JEE Advanced cutoff at various IITs across India. For a more detailed overview of these cutoffs, you can visit the official website of JoSAA-  https://josaa.admissions.nic.in/applicant/seatmatrix/openingclosingrankarchieve.aspx...Read more

0
0
1 Answer
•••

Ques. Is 12,000 JEE Advanced Rank decent enough for admission into an IIT?

● Top Answer By on 29 May 24

Yes, there are a total of 17,385 seats in the IITs, you can get admission into IITs with a rank of 12k in JEE Advanced. However, you will probably not get admission in top 7 IITs and in the branches which are the favourites of the most people. But indeed you can get admission into IITs with 12,000 rank in JEE Advanced. You can visit the official JoSAA website to check the previous year cutoff trends for B.Tech admissions at the IITs-  https://josaa.admissions.nic.in/applicant/seatmatrix/openingclosingrankarchieve.aspx...Read more

0
0
1 Answer
•••

Ques. Can I get into IIT Bombay with Rank 3000 in JEE Advanced?

● Top Answer By on 29 May 24

Securing a rank of 3000 in JEE Advanced is a commendable achievement, and it will open up a wide range of opportunities for you in terms of college choice.  With a rank of 3000, you have a good chance of getting admission into IIT Bombay, but you may not get your desired domain. With this rank you can get admission in these specialisations at IIT Bombay:  Environmental Science and Engineering Civil Engineering Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science You can visit the official JoSAA website to check the previous year IIT Bombay branch wise cutoff for B.Tech Admissions-  https://josaa.admissions.nic.in/applicant/seatmatrix/openingclosingrankarchieve.aspx This will give you a better understanding of your options....Read more

0
0
1 Answer
•••

Comments



No Comments To Show