IIM Ranchi Admission 2024: Fees, Admission, Courses
IIM Ranchi admission 2023 is currently going on. IIM Ranchi CAP interviews for 2023 MBA admissions were concluded on March 4, 2023. The final merit list for the 2023 MBA admissions will be releasing soon. The application process for the IIM Ranchi PhD program is currently going on. Interested candidates can apply for the PhD program by March 2023. Read more about IIM Ranchi Courses
IIM Ranchi admissions are based on exams like CAT/ GMAT, followed by a Personal Interview. Interested candidates can fill out the application form available on the IIM Ranchi website.
Table of Content
1.1 IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA Important Dates
1.2 IIM Ranchi MBA (MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA) Selection Criteria
1.3 IIM Ranchi MBA Selection Criteria: Shortlist for PI Process
1.4 IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA Admission: How to Apply?
2.1 IIM Ranchi EMBA Selection Criteria
2.2 IIM Ranchi EMBA Admission: How to Apply?
3.1 IIM Ranchi IPM Important Dates
3.2 IIM Ranchi IPM Selection Criteria
3.3 IIM Ranchi IPM Admission: How to Apply?
4.1 IIM Ranchi PhD/ Executive PhD Important Dates
IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA Admission 2023
| Admission Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Application Process | Interested candidates will have to fill out the CAT application form and apply to IIM Ranchi on the same form. |
| CAT Exam | The applicants will have to appear for CAT Exam. |
| Shortlist for PI | The applicants will be shortlisted for PI based on the CAT cut-off. |
| PI Process through CAP | The personal interview would be conducted virtually through CAP. |
| Final Selection | The final selection of the candidates will be done based on the CAT score, PI score, and profile of the candidate. |
IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA Important Dates
| MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA | |
|---|---|
| CAT Application | August 3 - September 14, 2022 (Closed) |
| Last date for CAP Application | January 22, 2023 (Closed) |
| CAP PI Week 1 | February 13 - 18, 2023 (Closed) |
| CAP PI Week 2 | February 20 - 25, 2023 (Closed) |
| CAP PI Week 3 | February 27, 2023 - March 4, 2023 (Closed) |
| Submission of Confirmation of Interest | March, 2023 (Ongoing) |
| Final Admission Offer | April, 2023 |
| Session Commencement | July, 2023 |
IIM Ranchi MBA (MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA) Selection Criteria
IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA admissions will be based on the performance of the candidates in CAT 2022, personal interview, and their profiles. IIM Ranchi PI process will be according to the CAP 2023.
IIM Ranchi MBA Selection Criteria: Shortlist for PI Process
The candidates will be shortlisted for PI, purely based on CAT performance. The CAT percentiles will be used to rank the candidates in different categories and then they will be shortlisted for PI.
The CAT cut-off percentile scores are mentioned in the table below:
| Category | Overall | QA | DILR | VARC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | 92 | 70 | 70 | 70 |
| EWS | 70 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| NC-OBC | 74 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| SC | 54 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| ST | 40 | 32.5 | 32 | 25 |
| DAP | 40 | 32.5 | 32 | 25 |
Read more about IIM Ranchi Cut-off
IIM Ranchi MBA Selection Criteria: PI Process
The shortlisted candidates will be invited for a personal interview, which will be conducted virtually. The PI process is going to be common for all the IIMs participating in CAP 2023, which will be coordinated by IIM Udaipur.
IIM Ranchi MBA Selection Criteria: Final Admission
After the completion of the PI process, the final selection of the candidates will be done based on the Consolidated Merit List (CML), which will be prepared on the basis of the CAT score, PI score, and profile.
The criteria considered for final selection and their weightage are given in the table below:
| IIM Ranchi MBA Final Merit list Criteria and Weightage | |
|---|---|
| Components | Weightage |
| CAT Score | 40% |
| PI Score | 30% |
| Academic Profile - 13 | 30% |
| Work Experience - 7 | |
| Academic Diversity - 5 | |
| Gender Diversity - 5 | |
| IIM Ranchi MBA-BA Final Merit list Criteria and Weightage | |
|---|---|
| Components | Weightage |
| CAT Score | 50% |
| PI Score | 20% |
| Academic Profile - 20 | 30% |
| Work Experience - 5 | |
| Gender Diversity - 5 | |
| IIM Ranchi MBA-HR Final Merit list Criteria and Weightage | |
|---|---|
| Components | Weightage |
| CAT Score | 40% |
| PI Score | 30% |
| Academic Profile - 15 | 30% |
| Work Experience - 10 | |
| Gender Diversity - 5 | |
IIM Ranchi MBA/ MBA-HR/ MBA-BA Admission: How to Apply?
- Interested candidates will have to visit the CAT official website or www.iimcat.ac.in.
- They can start by registering themselves, which will provide them with system-generated login credentials.
- They can then log in to their account and start filling up the application form with all the personal, academic, and professional details and upload all the required documents.
- Then they will have to choose the course and the institute, where they will have to click on ‘PGP of IIM Indore’ and choose the exam center.
- Once they have completed the form, they can submit it and pay the application fee.
IIM Ranchi EMBA Admission 2023
| Admission stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Application form | Interested candidates can fill out the EMBA application form available on the IIM Ranchi website. |
| Interview | The candidates will be shortlisted and called for an interview. |
| Admission Offer | The admission offer will be made to the final selected candidates. |
IIM Ranchi EMBA Selection Criteria
The applicants are shortlisted based on the eligibility criteria and the information provided through the application form. The candidates are selected for the EMBA program based on the interview process.
IIM Ranchi EMBA Admission: How to Apply?
The EMBA application form will be available at https://app.iimranchi.ac.in/admission/pgexp/register. Interested candidates can fill out the application form with all the required details and pay the application fee.
IIM Ranchi IPM Admission 2023
The IPM program admission includes the following processes:
| Admission Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Application Form | Interested candidates can fill out the application form available on the IIM Ranchi website. |
| IPMAT | The applicants will have to appear for IPMAT. |
| Personal Interview | The applicants will be shortlisted for PI, based on their IPMAT scores. The PI process will be conducted online |
| Merit List | The final selection of the candidates and the merit list will be prepared based on the Aptitude Test Score, PI Score, and academic profile score. |
IIM Ranchi IPM Important Dates
| IPM | |
|---|---|
| Events | Dates |
| IPMAT Registration | April 2023 |
| IPMAT Exam | June 16, 2023 |
| IPMAT Exam Result | July 20, 2023 (Tentative) |
IIM Ranchi IPM Selection Criteria
The candidates will be selected for the IPM program based on the performance of the candidates in the Aptitude test i.e, IPMAT, personal interview, and their academic profile. The first shortlist will be created using the IPMAT scores and the candidate will be called for a personal interview. The final selection will be done based on the Consolidated Merit List (CML) which would be compiled based on the Aptitude Test Score, PI Score, and academic profile score.
IIM Ranchi IPM Final Selection criteria and their weighting are given in the table below:
| Components | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Admission Test Score | 50% |
| PI Score | 30% |
| Academic Profile | 20% |
| Gender Diversity (Bonus marks) | 5% |
IIM Ranchi IPM Admission: How to Apply?
Candidates interested in applying for IPM can find the application form on the IIM Ranchi website. The registration for IPM 2023 will start usually in the month of April 2023.
IIM Ranchi PhD/ Executive PhD Admission 2023
The admission into PhD and Executive PhD includes the following processes:
| Admission Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Application Form | The candidates who fulfill all the eligibility criteria and have appeared for CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF, can fill out the application form. |
| Seminar & Interview | The candidates will be shortlisted for the interview based on their academic record and performance in any of the exams like CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF (UGC/ CSIR). |
| Offer Letter | The final selection will decide the candidates who will receive the admission offer. |
| Acceptance of Offer | The candidates will have to accept the offer within the given time. |
IIM Ranchi PhD/ Executive PhD Important Dates
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| Last date for Application | March 20, 2023 |
| Shortlist for Interview | To be announced |
| Seminar and Interview Process | April/ May 2023 |
| Admission Offer | End of May 2023 |
IIM Ranchi PhD/ Executive PhD Selection Criteria
The candidates will be shortlisted on the basis of their academic record and performance in any of the exams like CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF (UGC/ CSIR). The shortlisted candidates will be called for the seminar and personal interview. The final selection will be done by the admissions committee based on multiple factors.
IIM Ranchi PhD/ Executive PhD Admission: How to Apply?
The candidates can fill out the PhD application form available on the IIM Ranchi website or can directly visit https://app.iimranchi.ac.in/admission/dp/register. The candidates should provide all the correct information and upload the documents in the required formal and size. The application fee is INR 1,000 and INR 500 for ST, SC, and PwD candidates.
IIM Ranchi Admission 2023: Post - Doctoral Fellowship in Management
| Courses | Exams Accepted |
|---|---|
| MBA | CAT |
| MBA HR | CAT |
| MBA BA | CAT |
| EMBA | No exams required |
| IPM | IPMAT |
| PHD | CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF |
| Executive PhD | CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF |
IIM Ranchi Admission 2023: Exams Accepted
IIM Ranchi offers Certificate Programs, Certificate Program in General Management (CPGM) and Certificate Program in Business Analytics and Business Intelligence (CPBABI). CPGM is a 15 Months Certificate Program and CPBABI is an 18 Months Certificate Program. The total fee for the program is INR 3 Lakhs for CPGM and INR 4 Lakhs for the CPBABI program.
Eligibility Criteria CPGM: Bachelor’s degree with a minimum of 50% marks with Minimum 2 Years of Work Experience are eligible to apply for the Program.
Eligibility Criteria CPBABI: UG or PG Degree with a minimum of 50% marks or Equivalent with CGPA in
- Engineering / Technology or
- Science with Mathematics / Statistics / Operations Research / Computer Science / Information Technology as one subject or
- Computer Application or
- Any Equivalent Academic Discipline considered Appropriate as per the Assessment of IIM Ranchi
UG or PG Degree with a minimum of 50% marks or Equivalent with CGPA in disciplines other than above may be considered if the Candidate has a Minimum of 2 Years of Work Experience in Analytics.
Selection Criteria CPGM: Candidates will be selected based on Profile Scoring. Profile Scoring will consist of Application Form, Academic Qualification, Experience Certificates and Statement of Purpose.
Selection Criteria CPBABI: The Selection Process for the Program will take place based on the Profile Scoring assigned by the Institute using the details provided by the Candidates. Mere Eligibility does not Guarantee Selection to the Program.
Check IIM Ranchi Q&A
FAQs
Ques. What is the age limit for PhD admissions at IIM Ranchi?
Ans. The candidate must not be more than 55 years of age as on 30th June, 2023.
Ques. How can I get admission to IIM Ranchi for MBA?
Ans. The candidates will have to appear for CAT exam, followed by a personal interview to get admission into MBA program at IIM Ranchi.
Ques. How can I get into IIM Ranchi after 12th?
Ans. The candidates will have to apply for IPM program and appear for IPMAT to get admission into IIN Ranchi after 12th.
Ques. How much CAT score is required for IIM Ranchi?
Ans. The candidates need to have a minimum CAT score of of 92 percentile overall to get admission into IIM Ranchi for MBA program.
Ques. Can I join IIM Ranchi without an entrance?
Ans. No, it is mandatory to appear for CAT for admission into MBA program at IIM Ranchi. For other courses offered by IIM Ranchi, the candidates will have to appear for other exams like GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF.
Ques. Can I get IIM Ranchi with 95 percentile?
Ans. There are chances to get shortlisted in the first round with 95 percentile in CAT since the minimum cut-off is 92. But the final admission depend on other factors also like the CAT score, PI score, and profile of the candidate.
Ques. What is the fees for IIM Ranchi MBA?
Ans. The fees for IIM Ranchi MBA is INR 17,50,000, which includes the acceptance fee, tuition fees, hostel fees, caution deposit and alumni fees.
Ques. Who can apply for Executive MBA at IIM Ranchi?
Ans. Anyone who hold a bachelor’s degree and 5 years of work experience are eligible to apply for the Executive MBA at IIM Ranchi.
Ques. Does IIM Ranchi accept CAT scores for Executive MBA?
Ans. No, IIM Ranchi does not require any exam scores for admission into executive MBA. The chandidates will be shortlisted based on the information provided in the application form and will be called for interview,
Ques. How can I get admission in IIM Ranchi for IPM?
Ans. The candidates will have to apply for IIM Ranchi IPM program and appear for IPMAT and personal interview to get selected.
Ques. How many seats are there in IIM Ranchi for IPM?
Ans. There is around 120 seats at IIM Ranchi for IPM.
Ques. what is the fees for IIM Ranchi IPM program?
Ans. The IPM fees for the first 3 years is INR 16,00,000 and in the rest 2 years the students have to pay the MBA fees which is INR 17,50,000.
Ques. How can I get admission into PhD in IIM Ranchi?
Ans. The candidates who have appeared for the any of the exams like CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ GATE/ NET-JRF (UGC/ CSIR are eligible to apply for the PhD program. They will be shortlisted based on their test scores and will be called for an interview.
Ques. What is the fees for PhD in IIM Ranchi?
Ans. IIM Ranchi does not charge any fee from its PhD students. The PhD students rather receive a monthly stipend of INR 30,000.
Ques. What is the fees for Executive PhD in IIM Ranchi?
Ans. The Executive PhD fees at IIM Ranchi is INR 6,50,000 for the 3 years.
Ques. What is the cut-off or IPMAT for admission into IIM Ranchi IPM Program?
Ans. IIM Ranchi IPM 2023 batch cut off is estimated to be 265 / 300 for the general category through IPMAT exam
Ques. Does IIM Ranchi accept XAT scores for MBA admissions?
Ans. No, IIM Ranchi does not accept XAT score for PGP admission. Rather it soley accepts CAT scores conducted by different IIMs for admission along with other admission paramters.
Ques. What is the validity of test scores used for admission into IIM Ranchi.
Ans. The CAT, GATE, and NET-JRF scores should not be older than 2 years, whereas the GMAT and GRE should not be more than 5 years.
Do you think the Admission details are wrong ? Report Here
IIM Ranchi Upcoming Application Dates 2024
Important Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Result Date | Upcoming Dec 26, 2024 |
Expired Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Exam Date | Nov 24, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Admit Card Date | Oct 25, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Registration Date | Aug 03, 2024 - Sep 20, 2024 |
Important Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Result Date | Upcoming Dec 26, 2024 |
Expired Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Exam Date | Nov 24, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Admit Card Date | Oct 25, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Registration Date | Aug 03, 2024 - Sep 20, 2024 |
Do you think the Dates are wrong ? Report Here
IIM Ranchi Fees & Eligibility
| Course | Fees | Eligibility | Application Date | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MBA 3 Courses | ₹17.2 Lakhs (Total Fees) | Graduation | 2 Aug - 23 Apr 2024 | |
Certification 3 Courses | ₹3 Lakhs - 4 Lakhs (Total Fees) | Graduation | - | |
| IPM | ₹32.82 Lakhs (Total Fees) | 10+2 | 2 Aug - 23 Apr 2024 | |
| EMBA | ₹12.7 Lakhs (Total Fees) | Graduation | - | |
| MDP | ₹37,000 (Total Fees) | Graduation | - |
| Course | Fees | Eligibility | Application Date | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
EMBA 1 Course | ₹80,000 (Total Fees) | Graduation | - | |
| Ph.D Executive | ₹3.5 Lakhs (1st Year Fees) | Post Graduation | 20 Mar 2024 |
Do you think the Course details are wrong ? Report Here
| COURSE | ADMISSION LINK |
|---|---|
| M.Phil/Ph.D in Arts, M.Phil/Ph.D in Management, MBA/PGDM, | Admission Link |
Do you think the data is wrong ? Report Here
Popular Colleges Compared With IIM Ranchi
Do you think the data is wrong ? Report Here
IIM Ranchi Brochure
Course Finder
Search from 20K+ Courses and 35+ Streams
Popular Streams:
IIM Ranchi: 6 Answered Questions
What is the percentile required to join IIM Ranchi?
The admission process for the flagship course of IIM Ranchi is done through CAP (Common Admission Process), which is conducted by IIM Rohtak for 9 IIMs.
IIM Ranchi has released the admission policy and selection criteria for its flagship MBA course. The qualifying CAT cut-off for the batch of 2022-24 is 93 percentile as per IIM CAP criteria. IIM Ranchi CAT Cutoff usually remains around the 92 Percentile. For the past 2 years the CAT Cutoff was 94 Percentile but this year it has been reduced.
However, the final shortlisting depends upon many parameters such as
- Your academic scores
- Work experience
- Personal Interview
- Written Ability Score.
If you are shortlisted and do well in WAT and PI, you can surely get admission in IIM Ranchi.
IIM Ranchi also has a PGDHRM course, for which it conducts its separate admission rounds, so you can apply for that as well.
Why should I join IIM Ranchi over other 2nd generation IIMs?
You may be considering enrolling in IIM Ranchi or IIM Tiruchirappalli as a student. These are the top two IIMs among the second-generation IIMs, with IIM Ranchi being slightly better. However, there are several factors that you should consider when deciding which institution to attend.
One important factor to consider is the faculty size and background. It is not just the number of faculty members that matters, but also their qualifications and expertise. All IIMs are generally equal in this regard.
Another factor to consider is the knowledge infrastructure, which refers to the library and other learning resources available to students. This can be an important factor, as access to these resources is essential for student success. IIM Ranchi may lag in this area compared to other IIMs.
Physical infrastructure, such as the availability of a residential campus, is also important. Many students value the college life experience and may want to attend an IIM that has its own campus. IIM Ranchi is currently operating on a temporary campus.
Specialized courses are another factor to consider. With the constantly changing needs of industry and academia, it is important to ensure that the IIM you choose offers specialized courses that align with your interests and career goals. IIM Ranchi does offer a specialized HRM course.
The teaching and learning environment, location, and placement record are also important factors to consider. IIM Ranchi has an advantage in terms of location, as it is located near XLRI in Jharkhand, and has a strong placement record.
Ultimately, it is important to carefully research and consider all of these factors before deciding which IIM to attend.
Which should be preferred to join NMIMS or IIM Ranchi?
- Brand name: While IIM Ranchi has the "IIM" tag, NMIMS is a more established and well-known brand, particularly among employers.
- Alumni network: NMIMS has a larger and more active alumni network, particularly within Mumbai, which can provide valuable support and connections.
- Corporate exposure: Located in Mumbai, NMIMS offers greater opportunities for industry exposure and interactions with professionals.
- Placements: While the chances of being placed may be slightly higher at NMIMS, the average CTCs at both schools are similar.
- Learning and pedagogy: Both schools offer similar visiting faculty and pedagogical methods, though NMIMS may have a slightly higher caliber of students due to its merit-based admission criteria.
What is the max and min salary offered at IIM Ranchi? Is it worth leaving a job of 9 lakhs CTC and joining the college?
If you are considering studying finance, it is not recommended to do so solely for the purpose of earning a high salary. Students who have graduated from newer Indian Institute of Management (IIM) programs, including the one in Ranchi, have reportedly obtained jobs with salaries ranging from 9-20 lakhs per year, with a median of around 10 lakhs per year. However, it is important to genuinely enjoy the field of study rather than just being attracted to it for financial reasons.
It is also worth noting that as you progress in your career, you may eventually take on managerial responsibilities regardless of your field of study. If you are unsure about your interest in finance, you may want to try taking an introductory course on Coursera to see if it is something you truly enjoy.
Which institute be selected for admission IIFT Delhi campus, IIM Trichy, IIM Udaipur, IIM Ranchi, MDI international Management?
If you are looking just for a brand name and high ROI, then your options are
- IIM Udaipur
- IIM Trichy
- IIM Ranchi
If you are looking for legacy, established alumni, and faculty with decades of experience within the same institute, your options are
- IIFT Delhi campus
- MDI
Now let me further elaborate on the last 2 colleges.
IIFT: This institute is a good option for people who wish to get into International business. I can any day prefer IIFT over the new IIMs.
MDI: MDI specializes in Marketing so anyone interested in this sector can go for MDI.
So it eventually depends on you and the specialization you want.
Which IIM amongst the two should one join, IIM Ranchi and IIM Raipur?
If we talk about the brand value and worth of these two IIMs I don’t think there are many dissimilarities. The difference between the two is some personal level factors like
Campus: IIM Ranchi has no permanent campus and this is one of the major shortcomings of this institute. IIM Raipur on the other hand has a vast 200-acre campus. It is decked with world-class facilities and will give you the feeling of staying at a hotel.
Placements: IIM Raipur has better placements than IIM Ranchi and for many, this is a major deciding factor. The table below compares the placement statistics of the two IIMs.
|
Particulars |
IIM Raipur |
IIM Ranchi |
|
Highest CTC |
INR 42.15 LPA |
INR 32.21 LPA |
|
Average CTC |
INR 17.73 LPA |
INR 16.17 LPA |
|
Median CTC |
INR 16.95 LPA |
INR 15.50 LPA |
|
Top Recruiters |
Accenture, Airtel, IBM, Swiggy |
Deloitte, Aditya Birla Group, Infosys, EY, IBM |
Since the brand value of the 2 institutes is almost the same you can choose on the basis of the above factors.
IIM Ranchi Latest News
IIM Ranchi Conducts Rush-A-Thon: A run for social causes
Life at IIM Ranchi
IIM Ranchi Important Dates
Discover More Colleges
![Xavier Institute of Social Service - [XISS]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/19267_XISS_APP.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![Institute of Science and Management - [ISMR]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/1616073165Cover.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![Birla Institute of Technology - [BIT] Lalpur](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/56068_BITTL-001.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![Nilai Institute of Management - [NIM]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/1495696060cvr.png?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![Institute of Management Studies, Ranchi University - [IMS]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/1493976027image4xodgFZ6.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![Indian Institute of Management - [IIM]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/col30779.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![Indian Institute of Management - [IIMN]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1571296491logo22.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![Indian Institute of Management - [IIMT]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1665742894iimtlogoicon1.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development - [SCMHRD]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1457587141Screenshot001.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![Indian Institute of Management - [IIMBG]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1614920068IIMBGLOGOWithSpace011300x214.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![Indian Institute of Science, Department of Management Studies - [DMSIISC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1501839290lgoedt.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWS LETTER
Comments