Select Goal &
City
Select Goal
Explore
![Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya - [BPSMV]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/25520_BPSMV_New.jpg?tr=h-240,w-1000,c-force)
![Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya - [BPSMV]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1435235225BPS-Mahila-Vishvavidyalaya-Logo.jpg?tr=h-71.17,w-71.17,c-force){kind=logo}
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya (BPSMV) Admission 2024: Merit List, Cutoff, Courses, Eligibility, Selection Process
Sonepat, HaryanaState UniversityEstd 2006
Course Finder
Compare
Claim this college
Established by the Government of Haryana, in August 2006 at Village Khanpur Kalan, District Sonipat, Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya (BPSMV), also known as Bhagat Phool Singh Women's University, is the first among the women’s State universities in Northern India. This university came into existence as a dream of Bhagat Phool Singh (1885-1942) who initially started a Gurukul for girls in the year 1936. After achieving the status of a Government University, the university flourished into a modernized platform of education with an overall strength of 7000 girls. Starting from Nursery, for the girl children, the university provides undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes in disciples such as Engineering, Law, Management, Commerce, Pharmacy, Rural Entrepreneurship Development, Economics, Hospitality and Hotel Administration, Social Work, Education, Applied Sciences, courses in Various Modern Languages And Ayurveda.
The admission procedure to all the courses and programmes is solely based upon the online mode with the only exceptions of Regional Centres at Kharal and Lulla Ahir.
Important Points
- If the Physically Handicapped Quota is not filled, the reserved seats would be offered to Ex-Servicemen and their wards (1%) and the dependents of Freedom Fighters (1%).
- There is an additional 3% reservation for Ex-serviceman/Freedom Fighter and their dependants: 1% in the General category, 1% Scheduled Caste and 1% from Backward Classes category.
- The availability of the reserved seats in each category is subject to change in case of any new amendments by the Government of Haryana.
- There is a reserved seat in each course for the candidates who belong to Bhainswal Kalan who have donated land. In the programmes with an intake of more than 50, there will be one seat extra for every block of 50. These seats are offered to categories on the basis of rotation starting from General and moving forward to the remaining categories.
- Each programme in BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya has 2 seats reserved for the girls who are natives of Khanpur Kalan Village.
- Every programme in the university has 2 reserved seats for the students hailing from Kashmir.
- Further, Kashmir students also get a relaxation of 10% in the overall cut-off percentage of the eligibility criteria.
- There is a 5% increase in the overall intake as per the course.
- Domicile Requirements are waived off.
- The merit quota in technical/professional institutions has a minimum of 1 seat reserved.
- The doctoral programme has 15% seats reserved for students from foreign countries willing to opt for admission to the university while 01 seat is available for an individual who qualifies for the entrance test and is also employed by the university.
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya (BPSMV) UG Admission 2023
The undergraduate courses offered by the University admits students on the basis of an entrance test.
- The medium of the undergraduate courses is English.
- All the courses require candidates to have completed their Senior Secondary School with a certain required minimum secured percent of marks.
- There are certain courses that also except Lateral Entry such as B.Tech (Fashion Technology) which assesses the students performance in the Lateral Engg. Entrance Test (LEET ). B.Pharm Lateral Entry admits only those students who hold a Diploma in Pharmacy from PCI a approved institution.
| Course | Eligibility |
|---|---|
| BBA | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with a minimum of 45% marks (42.5% marks for Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST)/physically handicapped (PH)) or an equivalent. |
| BA English | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 50% marks. |
| BA Hindi | |
| BA Sanskrit | |
| BA + MA English | Candidate must have completed Sr. Secondary School in any stream with minimum 45% marks (42.5% marks for SC/ST/PH on the basis of State Govt. Norms). |
| BA + MA Economics | |
| B.Sc Medical | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 50% marks in Medical subjects. |
| B.Sc Non Medical | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 50% marks in Non – Medical (Physics, Chemistry, Maths) subjects. |
| B.Sc Computer Science | |
| B.Sc Home Science | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 55% marks. |
| B.Sc Medical Laboratory Technician | Candiate must have completed High School. |
| B.Sc Hospitality & Hotel Administration | Candidate must hold B.Sc in Hospitality and Hotel administration. |
| B.Com Honors | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 45% (42.5% marks for SC/ST)/ marks in Mathematics/Commerce/Economics from a school with a recognized Board. |
| B.Tech (Computer Science) | Candidates are admitted to this course on the basis of as per Haryana State Technical Education Society’s Broucher 2015-16. |
| B.Tech (Information Technology) | |
| B.Tech (Fashion Technology) | Candidate must have secured 60 + 20 % marks in 2nd year (through Lateral Engg. Entrance Test (LEET ). |
| B.Tech (Electronics & Communication Engineering) | Candidates are admitted to this course on the basis of as per Haryana State Technical Education Society’s Broucher 2015-16. |
| B.Tech (ECE)+ MBA | -- |
| BA-LL.B | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with an average minimum of 45% (42.75% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| BBA-LL.B | |
| B.Li.Sc | Candidate must have completed High School. The admission is based upon the scores secured in the Entrance Test conducted by the Haryana State Counseling Society, Panchkula. |
| Office Management & Computer Application | |
| B.Pharm | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with English as a compulsory subject and Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/ Biology as optional subjects. |
| B.Pharm Lateral Entry | Candidate must be a Diploma holder in Pharmacy from PCI approved institution. |
| B.Ed | Candidate must have completed either graduation or post- graduation with an average minimum of 50% (47.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) in science/ Social Sciences/ Humanity, Bachelors, in Engineering or Technology with Specialization the subjects of Science and Mathematics with an average minimum of 55% (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) or any other standardized equivalent degree course. |
| BAMS | Candidate must have passed Sr. Secondary School with a minimum of 33% marks in each subjects English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology (Botany & Zoology) in theory as well as practical, to be counted separately. The average secured marks must be a minimum of 50% in the above-mentioned subjects whereas passing marks out of a given total of 100 marks in the elective subject of Sanskrit. |
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya (BPSMV) PG Admission 2023
The post- graudate courses offered by the University requires a compulsory graduation degree in the respective or related course.
- Courses such as M.Tech. in Computer Science & Engineering, M.Tech. in Network Security and M.Tech. in Fashion Technology – Functional Garments do not admit working professionals (full time/part time/honorary service) andconsider them eligible for the admission process unless she submits a proof of leave granted by her institute/office for the entire course duration. In case the document submitted is violating the University’s terms and conditions, her admission will be cancelled immediately.
- The University also grants admission to Lateral entrants in MBA where the students are required to be a graduate in any of the mentioned fields (M.Com/ MBE/ MFC/MMT/ MIB/ PG degree/ 2 years diploma in Public Administration or Tourism Management or Hospitality & Hotel Management/ or 2 years diploma in Management or Business Administration or Personnel Management or Industrial relation after graduation/ 1st and 2nd semester of M. B. A. regular).
| Course | Eligibility |
|---|---|
| M.Tech Fashion Technology-Functional Garments | Candidate must hold B.E./ B.Tech degree with an average minimum 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH) in Fashion Technology/Fashion and Apparel Engineering/ Textile Technology/ Textile Chemistry/ Textile Engineering/ Fiber Science or a related branch in Engineering and Technology or M.Sc. (Fashion Tecnhonolgy) full – time with an average minimum of 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university. |
| M.Tech ICT | Candidate must hold B.E./ B.Tech degree with an average minimum 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH) in Computer Science & Engineering/ Computer Engineering/Computer Science/Information Technology from a recognized university. |
| M.Tech Network Security | Candidate must hold B.E./ B.Tech degree with an average minimum 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH) in Computer Science & Engineering/ Computer Engineering/Computer Science/Information Technology or MCA/M.Sc (Computer Science)/M.Sc.(Information Technology) full-time mode (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university. have completed graduation with minimum 45% marks (42.75% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| MBA | Candidate must have completed graduation with minimum 45% marks (42.75% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| MBA Lateral Entry | Candidate must have completed M.Com/ MBE/ MFC/MMT/ MIB/ PG degree/ 2 years diploma in Public Administration or Tourism Management or Hospitality & Hotel Management/ or 2 years diploma in Management or Business Administration or Personnel Management or Industrial relation after graduation/ 1st and 2nd semester of M. B. A. regular with at least 45% marks (42.75% minimum marks for SC/ST/PH) or an equivalent degree from a recognized university or institution for higher studies. |
| M.Com | Candidate must have completed B.Com with Honours from BPSMV,B. Com (Accounting& Finance/ Banking & Insurance), BA with mandatory Commerce subject or any other examination with minimum 45% marks (42.75% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university. |
| LL.M | Candidate must have completed LL.B with minimum 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| M.Ed | Candidate must have completed a) B.Ed.; b) B.A.B.Ed, B.Sc.B.Ed. c)B.EI.Ed; d) D.EI.Ed. with an undergraduate degree with minimum 50% marks (47.50% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| MA Social Work | Candidate must have completed graduation in any stream with minimum 45% marks for those belonging to General Category/SBC/ OBC (42.75% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| MA English | Candidate must have completed graduation in any stream with minimum 45% marks (42.5% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university. |
| MA Education | |
| MA Rural Development & Planning Management | |
| MSc. Home Science & Food Nutrition | Candidate must have completed B.Sc in Home Science with minimum 50% marks (47.75% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university. |
| MHM Master in Hotel Management | Candidate must have completed graduation in any stream with minimum 45% marks (42.5% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| M.A. in Economics (lateral entry) | Candidate must have completed graduation in any stream with minimum 45% marks (42.5% marks for SC/ST/PH) with Economics/Mathematics as main subjects. |
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya (BPSMV) M.phil & Ph.D Admission 2023
The doctoral programmes offered by the university conduct a mandatory test for all the courses to find the eligible candidates .
| Course | Eligibility |
|---|---|
| Ph.D English | Candidate must have completed their Master’s degree in English with minimum 55% marks (average marks should 52.5%) (50% marks for SC/ST/PH on the basis of State Govt. Norms). |
| Ph.D Law | Candidate must have completed LLM with minimum 55% marks (50% marks for SC/ST/PH on the basis of State Govt. Norms). |
| Ph.D Economics | Candidate must have completed post -graduation in Economics with minimum 55% marks (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH). |
| Ph.D Computer Science | Candidate must have completed post-graduation with minimum 55% marks (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) or an equivalent degree from a recognized university or institution for higher studies. |
| Ph.D Fashion Technology | |
| Ph.D Electronics & Communication Engineering | |
| Ph.D Food & Nutrition | Candidate must have completed Master’s degree in the subject or a related field with an average minimum of 55% marks (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) or an equivalent degree from a recognized university or institution for higher studies. |
| Ph.D Commerce | |
| Ph.D Management | Candidate must have completed Master’s degree in the subject or a related field with an average minimum of 55% marks (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) or an equivalent degree from a recognized university or institution for higher studies. The final decision of the degree in related subjects will be provided by the Departmental Research Committee (DRC) of the concerned department as per the approval given by the Academic Council. |
| M.Phil Education | Candidate must have completed M.Ed./ M.A. Education with minimum 55% marks (52.25% marks for SC/ST/PH) from a recognized university or institution for higher studies. |
| M.Phil English | Candidate must have completed their Master’s degree in English with minimum 55% marks (50% marks for SC/ST/PH on the basis of State Govt. Norms). |
Admission Procedure 2023
For applying online, the candidate must have a copy of the University prospectus, either the downloaded or purchased version.
- The candidate can either apply online via University website or submit the form in the University Admissions Department.
- Candidate must fill in the required details and click on ‘Proceed’ option. This will provide the candidate with login credentials on their mobile phone and provided email address.
- With the help of credentials, the candidate can log in and fill in the details in the given format to apply to the course of interest. If an applicant wishes to apply to more than one course, the application fee will be charged accordingly based upon each course’s fee.
- After the completion of the application form, an online receipt will be generated on selecting the payment option on the page. The candidate has to get a print out of the copy of e-challan receipt and deposit the fee at an HDFC branch.
- The notification for the fee submission will be available on the candidates’ login page.
- Once the last date of submission of forms is over, the candidates will be able to see a Tentative Merit List available on the website. This list will also be displayed on the notice boards of respective departments.
- The candidate should refer to this list and reach the University premises for document verification. This list is subjected to change in case the documents required are not completed or are of false nature.
- Upon the completion of the process of document verification, the university will provide a final approval regarding the Fee Category.
Reservation and Distribution of Seats 2022
The University strictly follows the reservation policy as issued by the State Government, Haryana. Given below is a table enlisting the allotment of seats in different programmes following the reservation policy issued by Govt. of Haryana vide Nonfiction No. 22/10/2013 - IGSIII dated 28/2/2013:
| Category | Percentage |
|---|---|
| a) All India Open Category Seats (Including Haryana State) (AIO) | The sanctioned intake is 15% for this category. |
| b) State Quota | The sanctioned intake is 85% for this category. |
| (b-1) Haryana Open General Category(HOGC) | The sanctioned intake is 30% of the State Quota for this category (25.5% of total intake) |
| (b-2) Reserved Categories of Haryana | The sanctioned intake is 70% of the State Quota for this category (59.5% of total intake) |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) | The sanctioned intake is 20% of the State Quota for this category (17% of total intake) |
| Backward Classes of Haryana (A)(BCA) | The sanctioned intake is 16% of the State Quota for this category (13.6% of total intake) |
| Backward Classes of Haryana (B)(BCB) | The sanctioned intake is 11% of the State Quota for this category (9.35% of total intake) |
| Special Backward Classes (SBC) | The sanctioned intake is 10% of the State Quota for this category (8.5% of total intake) |
| Economically Backward Person in the General Caste Category (EBP) | The sanctioned intake is 10% of the State Quota for this category (8.5% of total intake) |
| Physically Handicapped (PH) | The sanctioned intake is 3% of the State Quota for this category (2.55% of total intake). |
Scholarships
The university offer scholarships to the students in order to provide financial assistance so as to promote education by all means. Following are the scholarships available for the eligible students:
- University Merit Scholarship: The purpose of this fellowship programme is to support those students who are unable to pursue higher studies due to financial restraints. The students parents should be natives of Haryana state. The scholarship is deemed to be cancelled if the student is unable to pass the promotional examinations held by the university annually.
- University Merit cum Means Scholarship : This fellowship programme is specifically designed for the candidates belonging to Minority Communities in Harayana whose parents’ annual income is less than 2.50 lakhs.
- Promotion of science education (POSE) scholarship scheme for students pursuing UG and PG courses in science: This scholarship requires candidates to secure 85% marks in Sr.Secondary school or 75% mark in graduation. The application form can be filled online. The last date to fill the form is September 19, 2016.
- Haryana State Council for Science & Technology (HSCST) fellowship programme for students pursuing Ph.D. in science subjects: This fellowship is offered by the Haryana State Council candidates pursuing education in the field of Science & Technology.. The candidates must have opted for CSIR-JRF and should have qualified CSIR LS NET in CSIR-UGC Test for JRF and LS (NET) for full time research involved in doctoral programme from any recognized University in Haryana. This is offered to the candidates for a period of three years, however, if the candidate fulfills the said conditions, the fellowship will be extended to 4th and 5th years as well.
Read More
Do you think the Admission details are wrong ? Report Here
BPSMV Upcoming Application Dates 2024
Important Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Exam Date | Upcoming Nov 24, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Result Date | Tentative Dec 26, 2024 |
Expired Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Admit Card Date | Oct 25, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Registration Date | Aug 03, 2024 - Sep 20, 2024 |
| Application Timeline (B.Tech) [HSTES] | Jun 07, 2024 - Aug 20, 2024 |
Important Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Exam Date | Upcoming Nov 24, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Result Date | Tentative Dec 26, 2024 |
Expired Events
| Events | Dates |
|---|---|
| CAT 2024 Admit Card Date | Oct 25, 2024 |
| CAT 2024 Registration Date | Aug 03, 2024 - Sep 20, 2024 |
| MAT (PBT) Exam | Jun 02, 2024 |
Do you think the Dates are wrong ? Report Here
BPSMV Cutoff 2024
Exams
BPSMV, HSTES Cutoff 2023
BPSMV, HSTES Cutoff 2023 for General Category is listed below. The overall cutoff rank for HSTES is 139 - 996320
| Courses | Round 1 | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|
| 139 | 128 | |
| 598 | 708 | |
| 786 | 1210 |
BPSMV, JEE Main Cutoff 2023
BPSMV, JEE Main Cutoff 2023 for General Category is listed below. The overall cutoff rank for JEE Main is 403058 - 1006539
| Courses | Round 2 |
|---|---|
| 403058 | |
| 446345 | |
| 474975 |
Do you think the Cutoff is wrong ? Report Here
BPSMV Fees & Eligibility
Full time Courses
| Course | Fees | Eligibility | Application Date | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
B.Tech 4 Courses | ₹45,400 - 46,400 (1st Year Fees) | 10+2 with 45% + LEET | 29 May - 07 Aug 2024 | |
Diploma 5 Courses | ₹1,000 - 4,000 (Total Fees) | - | - | |
Diploma 10 Courses | ₹1,000 - 23,600 (1st Year Fees) | - | - | |
B.Ed 1 Course | ₹13,900 (1st Year Fees) | Graduation | - | |
MBA 1 Course | ₹25,000 (1st Year Fees) | Graduation with 50% + CAT | - |
Do you think the Course details are wrong ? Report Here
| COURSE | ADMISSION LINK |
|---|---|
| B.Com, B.Ed, B.Pharm, B.Sc, BA, BAMS, BBA/BMS, BE/B.Tech, M.Com, M.Ed, M.Sc, MA, ME/M.Tech, B.P.Ed, | Admission Link |
| B.Tech + MBA Electronics and Communication Engineering, | Admission Link |
Do you think the data is wrong ? Report Here
Course Finder
Search from 20K+ Courses and 35+ Streams
Clear
Popular Streams:
Discover More Colleges
![O.P. Jindal Global University - [JGU]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/1571218712CUSMFINALPAN66.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Languages and Literature - [JSLL]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/16369630321472808248law.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Languages and Literature - [JSLL]
Sonepat
₹300000First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of International Affairs - [JSIA]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/2190_law.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of International Affairs - [JSIA]
Sonepat
₹350000First year Fees
![Hindu Girls College - [HGC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/1906_HINDUGC_APP.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
Hindu Girls College - [HGC]
Sonepat
![BPS Memorial Girls College - [BPSMGC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/appImage/16412_BPS_APP.jpg?tr=h-111.44,w-263,c-force)
“Extra Cash for Selected Colleges”
Winners Will Get
Top Courses
Diploma of Proficiency in Micro Finance Practices & Women
Course Duration: 1 Year
₹1000 First Year Fees
Other Colleges in the Same Group
![B.P.S. Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, School of Engineering & Sciences - [SES]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1484891411DS.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
Department
Faculties
Mrs. Shalini Attri
Assistant Professor, Department of English
Dr. Geeta Phogat
Assistant Professor, Department of English
Ms. Kiran Lamba
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics
Learn More About Courses
Student Also Visited
Hindu Girls College - [HGC]
MA - Master of Arts
![Hindu Girls College - [HGC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1393572845Hindu Girls College.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
![BPS Memorial Girls College - [BPSMGC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/col16412.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
Indira Gandhi Government Post Graduate College
BA - Bachelor of Arts
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Journalism & Communication - [JSJC]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹400000 First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Journalism & Communication - [JSJC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1598702889JSJCLogo460x85px.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
Janta Vidya Mandir Ganpat Rai Rasiwasia College - [JVMGRR]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹5480 First year Fees
![Janta Vidya Mandir Ganpat Rai Rasiwasia College - [JVMGRR]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1427175609jp.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability - [JSES]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹300000 First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability - [JSES]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1621681158Screenshot20210522162459.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Psychology and Counselling - [JSPC]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹450000 First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Psychology and Counselling - [JSPC]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1623333081JSPClogoinhorizontal300x80.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
Government College
MA - Master of Arts
Hindu Kanya Mahavidyala
MA - Master of Arts
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Languages and Literature - [JSLL]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹300000 First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of Languages and Literature - [JSLL]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1636963032download.jpg?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of International Affairs - [JSIA]
BA - Bachelor of Arts
₹350000 First year Fees
![O.P. Jindal Global University, Jindal School of International Affairs - [JSIA]](https://images.collegedunia.com/public/college_data/images/logos/1622027257JSIALogo460x85px.png?tr=h-72,w-72,c-force)
SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWS LETTER
COLLEGE NOTIFICATIONSEXAM NOTIFICATIONSNEWS UPDATES
Download the Collegedunia app on 
© 2024 Collegedunia Web Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Comments